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Library · hunts/higher_xi/HPRIME-ROUTES.md

The two `hprime` derivation chains, in full

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Status: probe record. Two independent derivation chains for the retargeted gate of LEAN-FRONTIER.md item 19, each with every link checked numerically at X = 250 and X = 5000, plus two independent obstruction arguments against the literal gate. Nothing here is a result and nothing here is evidence about RH. The Lean arm counts only what compiles; none of the chains below is in the kernel yet.

Captured 2026-08-12 because these chains existed only in a transient agent transcript and are the content a later session needs in order to formalise anything. The one-paragraph summary lives in LEAN-FRONTIER.md item 20; this is the full working.


0. What both chains agree on

Both routes were run independently, told to differ deliberately, and reached the same three conclusions:

  1. The literal gate cannot close by a Chebyshev route. The stated inequality (2j)(2j+1)D_j(X) ≤ B(X)A_j(X) puts the true mass on the right, which needs an order-uniform lower bound on A_j.
  2. The gate should be retargeted to a majorant. A_j ≤ M_j plus the recurrence on M gives everything downstream consumes.
  3. The majorant satisfies the recurrence with equality. The factorial denominator is built so (j+1)(2j)(2j+1) is exactly the step ratio, so the tightness that defeats the literal gate is the equality the majorant enjoys.

Item 3 is now kernel-checked (ZetaLean/MajorantBypass.lean). Items 1 and 2 are the reason it was worth doing.

Constants. Route A reaches D = log 16 ≈ 2.7726. Route B reaches D = 60 log 4 ≈ 83.178, a factor 30 worse. Route A is the one to formalise; route B is kept because its obstruction argument (§3.2) is independent and sharper, and because its analysis is strictly one-dimensional, which is a real formalisation advantage.


1. Route A — one-shot Stieltjes domination

C₀ = log 16 = 4 log 2, L = log X, E_j(V) = (1/(2j-1)!)∫₀^V s^(2j-1)e^s ds, W_j(V) the ordered-tuple mass (repetition allowed) with budget V, V_j(X) the distinct-support mass without the L_S² head factor, N(y) = Σ_{p≤y}(log p)². Majorant M_j(X) = C₀^j X L^(2j+1)/(j!(2j-1)!).

#statementformalisation cost
L1θ(y) ≤ (log 4)ydone — Mathlib Chebyshev.theta_le_log4_mul_x, re-expressed as ChebyshevBounds.theta_le_mul_log_four
L2N(y) ≤ (log y)θ(y) ≤ (log 4)y log yroutine — termwise log p ≤ log y, Finset.sum_le_sum. Done as theta_sq_le
L3N(e^u) ≤ C₀∫₀^u te^t dt = C₀(e^u(u-1)+1) for all u ≥ 0routine but tedious — split at u = 2; u ≤ 2(u-1) for u ≥ 2, then four pointwise checks at p = 2,3,5,7 (worst needed fact: 4 ≤ 7 log 2)
L4Abel comparison: g ≥ 0 nonincreasing on [0,V]Σ_{log p ≤ V}(log p)²g(log p) ≤ C₀∫₀^V te^t g(t)dtmedium, the fiddliest link — discrete Abel (Mathlib.NumberTheory.AbelSummation) plus intervalIntegral monotonicity against a piecewise-constant comparison
L5W_{j+1}(V) = Σ_{log p ≤ V}(log p)²W_j(V - log p)routine finite combinatorics — partition ordered tuples by last coordinate
L6∫₀^V te^t E_j(V-t)dt = E_{j+1}(V)routine-to-medium — Fubini on the triangle, then the Beta step ∫₀^σ t(σ-t)^(2j-1)dt = σ^(2j+1)/((2j)(2j+1))
L7W_j(V) ≤ C₀^j E_j(V), all j ≥ 1, V ≥ 0routine given L3–L6 — Nat.le_induction carrying a ∀V statement
L8E_j(V) ≤ e^V V^(2j-1)/(2j-1)!; at V = L, ≤ X L^(2j-1)/(2j-1)!routine — monotone integrand
L9V_j(X) ≤ W_j(L)/j!medium combinatorics — j-subsets vs ordered tuples, j! orderings, plus Real.log_prod
L10A_j(X) ≤ L² V_j(X)routine — L_S ≤ L on every admissible support. Done as logSum_le_log_of_mem_distinctPrimeSupports
MA_j(X) ≤ M_j(X), all j ≥ 1, X ≥ 2the chain L10 → L9 → L7 → L8
R(j+1)(2j)(2j+1)M_{j+1} = C₀L²·M_j, an equalitydoneMajorantBypass.powerMajorant_step

The transfer at the end is immediate: WeightedSimplex.mass_le_base_mul_pow_div_simplexFactorialDenominator is abstract over any mass sequence, so instantiating it at M and composing with Theorem M gives the display for the true mass — A_r(X) ≤ (log 16)^r X (log X)^(2r+1)/(r!(2r-1)!), which is exactly what RAMS2-CLUSTER.md line ~427 consumes.

Numerics (mpmath dps 30 for integrals, exact SPF-sieve sums; every link at X = 250 and X = 5000, global Chebyshev facts at every prime to 10^6):


2. Route B — marked deletion, one-dimensional Abel, induction on j

Deliberately different: route B never forms a j-fold integral. Every analytic input is one-dimensional, used once per induction step. That is its formalisation advantage over route A, and the reason it is kept despite the worse constant.

Notation adds m_T = ∏T, l_T = log m_T, P_T = ∏(log p)², and the kernel φ(s) = (L-s)e^(L-s)/s² on (0,L], with -φ'(s) = e^(L-s)s^(-2)[1+(L-s)+2(L-s)/s] ≥ 0 and φ(L) = 0. Majorant M_j(Y) = K_j Y(1+log Y)^(2j+1), K_1 = log 4, K_{j+1} = 60 log4·K_j/((j+1)(2j)(2j+1)).

The claim is proved by induction on j with the statement quantified over all cutoffs, which is what makes the one-dimensional step work:

#stepnote
E1(j+1)A_{j+1}(X) = Σ_{(T,q)} P_T u_q²(l_T+u_q)²donedistinctPrimeDeletionMass_eq, kernel-checked
E2drop q ∉ T; all summands ≥ 0; every surviving T has m_T ≤ X/2routine
E3the only prime input: Σ_{q≤Y}(l+u_q)²u_q² ≤ log4·Y(l+log Y)²log Y via h(u) = (l+u)²u increasing and Σu_q = θ(Y). With Y = X/m_T, l = l_T: l_T + log Y = L exactlyroutine
E4extend the T-range to m_T ≤ X; added terms have L - l_T ≥ 0routine
E5exact partial summation: (L-l)X/m = l²φ(l), φ(l) = ∫_l^L(-φ'), so the T-sum = ∫_{s_j}^L(-φ'(s))A_j(e^s)dsthe priciest lemma — finite-sum/integral interchange plus the cumulative-set identification {l_T ≤ s} = {m_T ≤ e^s}; needs a real-cutoff wrapper
E6inductive display pointwise against the nonnegative kernelroutine
E7e^(L-s)e^s = X exactly, giving K_j X J_j(L)routine
E8J_j ≤ 60(1+L)^(2j+1)/((2j)(2j+1)) via (1+s)/s ≤ 1+1/(j log2) and two Beta-type integrals; the three scalar bounds total 59.83 ≤ 60laborious but routine; 12× measured headroom
E9assembly, L² ≤ (1+L)²; induction closesroutine

Numerics (SPF sieve, exact enumeration of every squarefree support, scipy quadrature for J_j; all j from 1 to the maximal support order at both cutoffs, including the vacuous frontier cases): all links hold. E1 reproduces the independent ratio table exactly (16.4357, 10.5895, 4.6972 at 250; 46.6417, 36.6293, 24.5703, 8.8505 at 5000). E5's identity agrees to 1e-10 by two independent evaluations. E6 pointwise at every jump cutoff: minimum M_j/A_j = 3.787, 803, 2.63e5, 1.42e8 at 250 and 2.718, 433.6, 9.0e4, 2.7e7, 2.2e10 at 5000. E8 measured J_j/unit = 4.86…4.14 at 250 and 3.62…3.18 at 5000 against the uniform proof constant 60.


3. Why the literal gate does not close — two independent arguments

3.1 Route A's argument: the inequality is irreducibly aggregate

The deletion identity writes (j+1)A_{j+1}(X) = Σ_T P_T·F(T) with F(T) = Σ_{q ∉ T, q ≤ X/m_T}(L_T + log q)²(log q)², while A_j(X) = Σ_T P_T L_T² over the same supports. The ratio F(T)/L_T² is unbounded on supports with small product — at T = {2}, F ~ (X/2)(log X)³ against L_T² = (log 2)² — so the inequality is not termwise. It asserts that the ∏(log p)²-measure as a function of s = L_T carries enough mass near s = L. Upper-Chebyshev information alone is consistent with that measure concentrated at small s, where the inequality fails.

And elementary two-sided Chebyshev does not repair it: Mathlib's theta_ge gives lower constant log 2 against upper log 4, so a two-sided route loses (log4/log2)^j = 2^j across the j-fold structure. Since j ranges to about log X/log log X, 2^j exceeds every fixed power of (1+log X). Closing the literal gate uniformly in j therefore needs θ(x) = x(1+O(1/log x))-quality input — PNT with an error term — which the pinned Mathlib does not have.

3.2 Route B's argument: subset-local charging is impossible, with a

measured crossing point

Sharper, and independent. In any scheme that charges each (j+1)-support's weight onto its own j-subsets — any deletion rule whatsoever — the pairs with both primes ≤ √X must be absorbed by singletons {r}, r ≤ √X. That requires

12·A₂^small(X)/A₁(√X) ≤ B(X).

Since A₂^small ~ X L⁴ and A₁(√X) ~ √X L³, the left side grows like √X/log X. Measured against B(X) = 60log4(1+L)²:

Xratio
2500.097
50000.56
10⁵2.54
10⁶7.36

It crosses 1 near X ≈ 2×10⁴ and diverges. So no termwise or deletion-local derivation of the literal gate with B = O((1+log X)²) exists at all.

3.3 What is and is not established here

The literal statement is numerically true with margin at every cutoff tested — max LHS/RHS = 0.194 at X = 250 and 0.232 at X = 5000 under route A's B, i.e. 5.1× and 4.3× margin — and the measured asymptotic B*/(1+log X)² → ~1.1 < 2.77 makes it a plausible conjecture for all X ≥ 2. It is a conjecture, not a theorem, and on the pinned toolkit it is PNT-hard.

The impossibility in §3.2 is established for the local-transport class only. A fundamentally non-local elementary argument is not excluded, though nothing in this repository or in either derivation points to one. Recorded at that scope deliberately.


4. Disposition